In this paper, the new methodology of interconnection NETWORK among the various corporations which are the members of a single financial group is studied and developed. For the first time, each company is observed individually and the cognitive risk factors of each are monitored by new introduced indexes. The risk contagion effect on the main node of the holding is calculated respectively. The new indexes help the management to monitor the entire financial group performance. Also guide the main node of the holdings to make appropriate decisions relating to any investment, profit returning and risk of the financial group nodes. It is shown, if a company defaults to meet its obligations, how much this will affect the other companies of the NETWORK and the main node of the holding. With the use of new developed methodological indexes, the topology of the financial group NETWORK is displayed graphically for the first time and the mathematical structure is developed as well. Finally, the illustrative results are apparent in a new introduced software which is coded and tested with real data and the results show high accuracy.

Introduction Simulation of fluid flow and transport phenomena in porous media has a wide range of applications in science and engineering including design of rock fill embankments and sand filters, design of gabion spillways, ground water utilization, and efficient management of oil reservoirs. In the past one hundred years, various efforts have been made to simulate such flow using both Darcy and non-Darcy laws. In recent years, research has been done on converting original porous media into a 2-D and/or 3-D pore NETWORK model to address the challenging and complex issues in these media (Acharya et al., 2004; Al-Raoush et al., 2003; Wang et al., 1999; Thauvin and Mohanty, 1998).Such a pore NETWORK can be conceptualized by a rectangular lattice having cylindrical pore throats connecting to pore bodies on all sides. The pore body can be spherical or simply the shape created by all connecting pore throats. The pore NETWORK is composed of the voids between grains and the pore throat. The pore throat represents the channel connecting two pore bodies. As the flow is exposed to the atmosphere on three sides, the existing methodology in pipe NETWORK analysis cannot be effectively used to analyze the fluid flow. This study proposed a modified methodology to analyze such a NETWORK for pressure and velocity field.

This paper deals with the performance of a heat pipe solar collector. The solar collector consisted of an INTERCONNECTED heat pipe so as to reduce the production cost by using an INTERCONNECTED heat pipe because all the heat pipes can be evacuated, sealed and tested at once. Performance of a prototype of the heat pipe solar collector was experimentally examined, and the results were compared with those obtained through theoretical analysis. The results shown in this paper seem feasible.

Climate change is the twenty-first century's most significant threat to human health. Human activity has led to a gradual increase in greenhouse gas concentrations, resulting in global warming and other related hazards. Climate change is significantly impacting ecosystems and biodiversity, leading to a potential increase in zoonotic diseases. Zoonoses are infectious diseases that are transmitted among animals and humans. Vector-borne, foodborne, and waterborne diseases are major infectious diseases associated with climate change. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns influence the survival, reproduction, and activity of disease-carrying vectors like mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. Variations in climate can affect the spread of diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and rodent-borne illnesses like leptospirosis, bartonellosis, plague, and hantavirus infections. Climate change can also impact waterborne illnesses by altering water quality and increasing the risk of contamination during natural disasters. Additionally, higher temperatures and increased humidity can cause transmission of airborne zoonotic diseases, such as aspergillosis, tuberculosis, and influenza. The evolving climate may also contribute to the development of resistance in disease-causing microorganisms, making treatment more challenging. Human behavior influenced by climate change, such as changes in agricultural practices and land use, can indirectly affect disease transmission by altering vector habitats and human-animal interactions. Overall, the complex interplay between climate change, ecological factors, and human behavior underscores the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate the risks posed by zoonotic diseases and protect public health.